Looking At Jargon And Acronyms English Language Essay

Looking At Jargon And Acronyms English Language Essay According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, jargon is the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of a special activity or group. In other words, Jargon is a highly specialized terminology different from the standard form of language. It is a sort of shorthand to quickly convey messages between group members. It is usually considered to be a communication barrier as it is difficult to understand by people unfamiliar with the specialized terminology. Fields that are extensively characterized by jargon include medical, engineering, sports, Information Technology , Internet and many more. Consider your target audience before including jargon in your writing. If your writing is aimed at a person familiar with the specific field, then the use of jargon is appropriate. It results in an efficient transferring of information to experts in a language they are familiar with. If, however, the intended audience is a lay person, avoid the use of jargon. Include clear descriptions and definitions instead. In such cases, use of jargon creates a distance between your writing and the reader. Some examples of computer jargon are as follows: Burn Create a CD or DVD. Character A letter of the alphabet, number, space or punctuation mark For a detailed list of computer jargon and acronyms visit the following link: http://www.jonstorm.com/glossary/ Some examples of medical jargon are as follows:   Abduction to move a limb or some other body part away from the midline of the body. Breath sounds the sounds heard through a stethoscope placed on the chest over the lungs For a detailed list of medical jargon and acronyms visit the following link: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/usage/jargon_medical.html Some examples of physics jargon are as follows:  Ã‚   Singularity A negative point in space and time where all laws of quantum physics are meaningless, because all aspects take on infinite values. Ground State- is the lowest amount of energy as determined by quantum rules For a detailed list of physics jargon visit the following link: http://www.sciforums.com/showthread.php?t=73869 Some examples of financial jargon are as follows:  Ã‚   Ask The price at which someone who owns a security offers to sell it; also known as the asked price. Market Close Date Date on which the closing Net Asset Value (NAV) was last calculated. For a detailed list of financial jargons and acronyms visit the following link: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/usage/jargon_financial.html Some examples of legal jargon are as follows Motion the request made by either side to the court requesting the court to rule or take action on their behalf. Bench term used to refer to judges or the court. For a detailed list of legal jargons and acronyms visit the following link: http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words04/usage/jargon_legal.html Following is an article from AutoBiz( Irelands Motor Magazine) Thursday, January 10, 2008 Buyers baffled by techno jargon The average car buyer is completely baffled by technical jargon and does not know his ABS from his SUV. That is the finding of a survey conducted by website motoring.co.uk of 2,500 would-be car purchasers. 32% of drivers surveyed did not know that ABS stood for anti-lock braking system and 23% failed to associate BHP with brake horsepower. Katie Armitage, marketing manager of Motors.co.uk, commented boot space, comfort and cup holders are the kind of things buyers want to know about rather than being overwhelmed with technical jargon they dont understand. The 10 top terms that confused car buyers were: 1. SUV (sports utility vehicle) 2. MPV (multi-purpose vehicle) 3. BHP (brake horsepower) 4. ABS (anti-lock braking system) 5. Traction control 6. Cruise control 7. Hybrid 8. Understeer 9. 4WD (four wheel drive) 10. RDSS (radio determination satellite service) ACRONYM Acronyms often occur in jargon. According to answers.com (http://www.answers.com/acronym) An Acronym is a word formed from the initial letters of a name. Consider for example: ACE Angiotension-converting enzyme ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Guidelines for Using Acronyms Use upper case for writing acronyms, and do not use periods. Acronyms are not capitalized in cases where they are used as common nouns for example, laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation), radar (Radio Detection and Ranging), or scuba (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus). When using an acronym, prefer the full form at the first point of usage and provide the acronym in parentheses. The next time when you use the acronym in the document the reader will not misinterpret it to something else. Following is an example illustrating this point. In most current applications of Computer-Aided drug Design (CADD), attempts were made to find the ligand that will interact favorably with a receptor that represents the target size. Binding of ligand to the receptor may include hydrophobic, electrostatic and hydrogen-binding interactions. In addition, solvation energies of the ligand and receptor site also are important partial to complete desolvation must occur prior to binding. This approach to CADD optimizes the fit of a ligand in a receptor site. This convention is necessary because an acronym may have different full forms in different fields, writing, and industry. Have a look at the following table: CADD Computer-Aided Drafting and Design CADD Computer-Aided Design Drafting CADD Computer-Aided Drug Design CADD Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate CADD Computer-Aided Design Development CADD Complex Add CADD Combat Air Delivery Division CADD Customer Acquisition Due Diligence (banking) CADD Computer Aided Detector Design CADD Computer Aided Design and Drafting Source: http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/Computer-Aided+Design+Development Another Example: ACE in medical terms means Angiotension-converting enzyme ACE in computer terms means Adaptive Communication Environment If you are writing an internal document feel free to use the most common acronyms prevalent in your organization or industry. There is no need to provide full form. If your text contains many acronyms, it is better to provide the readers with the list of terms. Use a lowercase s without an apostrophe to create plurals of acronyms. Neeru and her sister have identical IQs. Acronym Database: http://www.acronymdb.com/browse/ USE OF ABBREVIATIONS: Merriam Webster online dictionary describes abbreviation as a shortened form of a written word or phrase used in place of the whole. Abbreviations often confuse a reader try to keep them to a minimum by avoiding the usage of unnecessary abbreviations Following are some guidelines for using abbreviations: When using an abbreviation, prefer the full form at the first point of usage and provide the abbreviation in parentheses. The next time when you use the abbreviation in the document the reader will not misinterpret it to something else. Following is an example illustrating this point. Abbreviate terms and words in graphics to save space. Never use an abbreviation in the title of a paper. This gives rise to problems in indexing. Moreover, there may be a change in abbreviation which may give rise to problems of recognition of the abbreviation in the future. E.g. According to Daimler Annual Report, 2007 due to the transfer of a majority interest in Chrysler and the related change of the corporations name, the stock-exchange abbreviation was changed from DCX to DAI. Abbreviate certain words and phrases like Examples of some words: Dr., Mr., Ms., B.A., Ph.D., A.D. Examples of some phrases: et al. (and others in Latin) i.e. (that is in Latin) e.g. (for example in Latin) Do not use two abbreviations in a title of a person at the same time. For example: write either Dr. Har Gobind Khurana, or Har Gobind Khurana, Ph.D.; NOT Dr. Har Gobind Khurana, Ph.D. As stated in Mayfield Handbook of Scientific and Technical Writing, if you need to coin an abbreviation to make a word fit into some limited space, such as in a drawing or table, the most common approach is to cut the word off, five letters long or so, after the consonant following the first, second, or last syllable. Thus magnetic becomes mag. and environmental becomes envir. The usage of a or an before an abbreviation depends on the sound of the first alphabet of the spelled out term. For example: She possesses an M.Pharm degree. Note that you read out M.Pharm as em pharm and e is a vowel so you use an M.Pharm and not a M.Pharm. SI UNITS: As stated in Wikipedia -The International System of Units (SI) defines a set of base units, from which other derived units may be obtained. The abbreviations, or more accurately symbols (using Roman letters, or Greek in the case of ohm) for these units are also clearly defined together with a set of prefixes for which there are also abbreviations or symbols. The 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (1960) adopted the name Systà ¨me International dUnità ©s (International System of Units, international abbreviation SI), for the recommended practical system of units of measurement. The base units are seven well-defined and dimensionally independent units. They are: the meter, the kilogram, the second, the ampere, the kelvin, the mole, and the candela. Derived units are defined as products of powers of the base units. When the product of powers includes no numerical factor other than one, the derived units are called coherent derived units. The base and coherent derived units of the SI form a coherent set, designated the set of coherent SI units (SI brochure, Section 1.4). Some guidelines to write the SI Units are as follows: Never insert a period after or inside a unit; both 5 c.m. and 5 c.m are wrong. Instead it should be written as 5 cm. Followed it with a period only if it is at the end of a sentence. In Section 5.3.3. of The International System of Units (SI), the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) states The numerical value always precedes the unit, and a space is always used to separate the unit from the number. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The only exceptions to this rule are for the unit symbols for degree, minute, and second for plane angle. This means always write 10 km and not km 10 And 10 km and not 10km Never change the case of letter of an SI unit. Each case may denote a different unit. E.g. S denotes siemens which is a unit of conductance whereas s denotes second which is a unit of time. However, symbol for litre is allowed to be L to help avoid misunderstanding with an upper case i (I)or a numeric one(1). Table 1: PREFIXES AND ABBREVIATIONS FOR SI UNITS Source: http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf Table 2- SI UNITS Source: http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf Table3- Examples of Derived units expressed in terms of base units Source: http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf Table 4-Coherent derived units in the SI with special names and symbols Source: http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf Table 5- Examples of SI coherent derived units whose names and symbols include SI coherent derived units with special names and symbols Source: http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/pdf/si_brochure_8_en.pdf Please visit NSTC website for the following: Select list of words, phrases and expressions that have to be avoided. Select list of common errors in spelling and style. Select list of accepted contractions and symbols.

Understanding The Term Data Processing Information Technology Essay

Understanding The Term Data Processing Information Technology Essay Data processing is any computer process that converts data into information or knowledge. The processing is usually assumed to be automated and running on a computer. Because data are most useful when well-presented and actually informative, data-processing systems are often referred to as information systems to emphasize their practicality. Nevertheless, both terms are roughly synonymous, performing similar conversions; data-processing systems typically manipulate raw data into information. Information : Information is data that has been processed for use. Relationship between data processing and information in a computer system When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again be perceived as information. Data processing is the actual process of converting the information into data and vice versa in a computer system. 2 Distinguish between data and information data is what is entered into and stored in a computer after the data has been processed it is called information. 3 why are digital computer useful in data processing A digital computer is the main mechanism used for transforming data in data processing. 4. Describe in detail the physical security, the social environment under which the computer performs best. Computer perform best in a cool and clean environment as dirt and heat affect the performance of a computer system SECTION B (COMPUTER PROGRAM) I. Distinguish between low level language and high level language. The main difference of high-level languages and low-level languages is that high-level languages are easier to read, write, and maintain. Ultimately, programs written in a high-level language must be translated into machine language by a compiler or interpreter. II. Explain the acronyms COBOL: Acronym for common business oriented language. Developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s,. It is particularly popular for business applications that run on large computers. COBOL is still the most widely used programming language in the world. FORTRAN : Acronym for formula translator,. Designed by John Backus for IBM in the late 1950s, it is still popular today, particularly for scientific applications that require extensive mathematical computations. BASIC: Acronym for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. BASIC is one of the earliest and simplest high-level programming languages. Despite its simplicity, BASIC is used for a wide variety of business applications. There is an ANSI standard for the BASIC language, but most versions of BASIC include many proprietary extensions. Microsofts popular Visual Basic, for example, adds many object-oriented features to the standard BASIC. ALGOL: ALGOL (short for ALGOrithmic Language)[1] the de facto way algorithms were described in text-books and academic works for almost the next 30 years. These languages are best suited for text based data processing. III Mention and explain three special purpose high level language. 1 Ruby : is a dynamic, reflective, general purpose object-oriented programming language. Ruby supports multiple programming paradigms (including functional, object oriented and imperative), and features a dynamic type system and automatic memory management. 2 Perl is a dynamic programming language created by Larry Wall and first released in 1987. Perl borrows features from a variety of other languages including C, shell scripting (sh), AWK, sed and Lisp.[1] Perl was widely adopted for its strengths in text processing and lack of the arbitrary limitations of many scripting languages at the time.[2] 3 Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes programmer productivity and code readability.[2] Pythons core syntax and semantics are minimalist, while the standard library is large and comprehensive. Python supports multiple programming paradigms (primarily functional, object oriented and imperative), and features a fully dynamic type system and automatic memory management; it is thus similar to Perl, Ruby, Scheme, and Tcl. IV. What is a language processor and why are they necessary A hardware device designed or used to perform tasks, such as processing program code to machine code. Language processors are found in languages such as Fortran and COBOL . They are necessary because they are used to convert your program code to machine code V. what is the difference between a compiler and interpreter? ÂÂ  Compiler willÂÂ  translate the sourceÂÂ  code written in some kind of programming language, and then ultimately translates it into object code or machine language while The interpreter translates instructions one at a time, and then executes those instructions immediately. The compiler is itself a computer program written usually in some implementation language. SECTION C(DBM) Define the following 1. Field A field is a space allocated for a particular item of information. A tax form, for example, contains a number of fields: one for your name, one for your Social Security number, one for your income, and so on. In database systems, fields are the smallest units of information you can access. In spreadsheets, fields are called cells. Most fields have certain attributes associated with them. For example, some fields are numeric whereas others are textual, some are long, while others are short. In addition, every field has a name, called the field name. 2. Record Records are composed of fields, each of which contains one item of information. A set of records constitutes a file. For example, a personnel file might contain records that have three fields: a name field, an address field, and a phone number field. Some programming languages allow you to define a special data structure called a record. Generally, a record is a combination of other data objects. For example, a record might contain three integers, a floating-point number, and a character string. 3. File A file is a collection of data or information that has a name, called the filename. Almost all information stored in a computer must be in a file. There are many different types of files: data files, text files , program files, directory files, and so on. Different types of files store different types of information. For example, program files store programs, whereas text files store text. 4. Bit Short for binary digit, it is the smallest unit of information on a machine. A single bit can hold only one of two values: 0 or 1. More meaningful information is obtained by combining consecutive bits into larger units. For example, a byte is composed of 8 consecutive bits. 5.Character A character is any symbol that requires one byte of storage. This includes all the ASCII and extended ASCII characters, including the space character the term character is generally reserved for letters, numbers, and punctuation. (ii) Identify three file organisation method known to you and state their merit and demerit.

Marketing Essay -- Technology, Internet, Digital Information

Internet permits small businesses to gain and maintain their market share that helps them to compete with huge industry. The Internet is no longer a novelty in the minds of today’s population as it is the availability of having internet connection. In fact, the Internet and digital information have taken over many aspects of our lives from communication to information consumption, to new ways of doing business. It has reinvented our vocabulary and gave new meanings to words in cyberspace, for example surfing, visitors, and hits or navigates (Nicholas and Dobrowolski, 2000). These changes in meaning can be discovered as well in the word â€Å"user’’, it can mean a surfer or a visitor. Consumers today are increasingly utilizing technology as an effective tool in their shopping experience. The popularity of Web2.0 has helped in the growth and public popularity of social networks and has created a new world of collaboration and communication. Online shopping is as a complex process, and requires basic IT knowledge and requirements (credit card, computer) for customers to buy goods online. However, the focus of Malaysian government is on building up the platform required to support electronic business. Malaysian electronic consumerism is evolving at rapid rate because of consciousness and communications availability that convince consumers to involve in electronic business activities. Malaysia from March 2011 according to Internet World Stats , there were Internet users with 58.8 % penetration and 1,331,800 broadband subscribers as of March 2008). The penetration of Malaysian shopping online (those who bought or ordered goods and services online) in 2000 was 1% of the total adult population in Malaysia (Taylor Nelson Sofres, 2001). Accor... ...2006). (Peter Drucker, 1999) wrote: â€Å"in the psychological natural features of e-commerce, remoteness has been removing. Ever business must be internationally competitive. The rivalry is not local anymore.† tactical assessment will result in to the best reward, while make an investment in online marketing (Scanlon, 2009).Consumers can evaluate competing goods and services with minimum expenses of personnel time or effort, which results in competitive business markets and lower brand loyalty (Srinivasan, 2002). Thus, my study will be determined to realize the causes of loyalty on the online shopping environment. Consumer-created information has become a rather significant influence on consumer behaviour such as decision making. Online consumer’s reviews are part of consumer-created information by web site users who have by now bought the target product (Park, 2007).

The Cold War :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cold War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cold War is the shifting struggle for power and prestige between the Western powers and the Communist bloc from the end of World War II until 1989. The Cold War was a fight between democracy and communism.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There had always been mutual suspicion between the West and the USSR. This suspicion could be seen in the alliances these two powers had made during World War II. Even after the war , the West felt threatened by the continued expansion policy of the Soviet Union. Soviet Union also felt the fear of invasion from the West. Russia occupied zones in Germany, Austria and had made threats toward Turkey and Greece. Russia was making what Sir Winston Churchill called an â€Å"iron curtain†. The US took the lead in stopping Russian influenced and came up with the Truman Doctrine which gave funding to Greek and Turkey. Fearing communism would rise in much of torn eastern Europe, the United States came up with the Marshall plan. The Marshall plan helped to restore prosperity and growth in Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The policy of the West during the cold war was to contain the communist states, and hope that internal division or failure, of the communist state, might bring around their demise. In 1948 the Soviet Union directly challenged the US setting up blockades in west Berlin. In 1949 the US went against its policy on permanent alliances, and signed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, along with eleven other countries. In 1955 the Soviet Union came back with the Warsaw Treaty Organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cold war was more of a race. The country with the most allies, most weapons, best technology and best military was the winner. The country with the swiftest nuclear weapons and the country who could completely annihilate the enemy was the better country.

Comparing The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas by Ursula K. Le Guin :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing "The Lottery by Shirley Jackson" and "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" by Ursula K. Le Guin      Ã‚   The differences between "The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson and "The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas" by Ursula K. Le Guin seem relatively minor when compared to the striking similarities they contain in setting, symbols, and theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each of the stories begin with a description of a beautiful summer day. "The flowers were blooming profusely and the grass was richly green"(para 1) in "The Lottery" is quite comparable to "old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees"(para 1) in "...Omelas."   These descriptions (along with several others) provide positive connotations and allow the reader to relax into what seems to be a comfortable setting in either story.   Both stories also contain a gathering of townspeople.   In "...Omelas there is music, dance, and special attire incorporated in the gathering, whereas in "The Lottery," the women show up "wearing faded house dresses and sweaters."   Although Le Guin's environment seems more festive, all the folks in both stories are coming together for what seems to be   enjoyable, even celebratory occasions.   However, I believe the major similarity lies in the fact that   these many pleasant details create a facade within each story.   The reader is then left ill-prepared when the shocking, brutally violent, ritualistic traditions are exposed.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children are an important focus in both stories.   Jackson makes it easy for us to imagine their "boisterous play"(para 2), and Le Guin writes "their high calls rising like swallows' crossing flights over the music and the singing"(para1).   I see these children being used to symbolize perceived states of happiness in both stories.   I also believe they are vital necessities in each story because they are taught and expected to carry traditions into the future. For instance, in "The Lottery,"   "someone gave little Davy Hutchinson a few pebbles"(para 76),   he is then able to participate in the stoning of his own mother, and in "...Omelas," the tradition "is usually explained to children when they are between eight and twelve"(para 10), and of course, the victim in this tale is a child.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The fact that both authors include references to farming may be due to the association between farming and tradition.

Analysis of Willie Stark’s Life as a Politician Essay

Can it be right to do wrong? Can we have a square circle? Can we move backwards and forwards at the same time? During Plato’s time (c. 429-347 B.C.) a long discussion had begun and carried throughout the Middle Ages that affirmed that the ruler ought to embody noble ideals and values. This tradition focuses on the virtues of justice and mercy as essential for good government. However, during the Renaissance period the author Niccolo Machiavelli turned away from these traditions and considers in The Prince what is necessary to be successful in a corrupt world. Machiavelli proclaims in his book The Prince, â€Å"A man who wishes to make a profession in everything must necessarily come to grief among so many who are not good. Therefore, it is necessary†¦to learn how not to be good, and to use this knowledge and not use it, according to the necessity of the case†. Essentially, it is the situation at the moment that determines which actions are necessary. For Machiavelli, the goal is success, not the virtue or vice of the act. He does not advocate that the successful prince should always violate the rights of others but, rather, calculate what course of action will enhance the strength and vitality of the state. In the book All the King’s Men by Robert Penn Warren, the character Willie Stark is similar to the prince; he exemplifies and exercises Machiavelli’s ideals. In All the King’s Men by Robert Penn Warren, Machiavelli’s ideals are dealt with through the political career of Willie Stark, a man that was transformed from an idealist to an opportunist because of power, a man who ultimately was assassinated, but not before he could achieve the goodness he sought to make possible. Willie Stark, the son of a farmer, began his political career when becoming the County Treasurer of Mason City. As the Treasurer of Mason City, he was an idealist, guided more by ideals than practical considerations. Willie Stark remained an idealist up until he discovered the truth about politics. He than started to believe that goodness derives from evil because there is nothing else from which to make it. This idea comes from the mature, disillusioned Willie, who had become a tough-minded politician after losing his first political job and after discovering he was manipulated by the bosses who wanted to split rural votes. After he learned about the scheme and analyzing the situation, Willie Stark realized what Machiavelli’s theory proclaimed, â€Å"A man who wishes to make a profession in everything must necessarily come to grief among so many who are not good†. Willie encountered and experienced the â€Å"grief among so many who are not good,† he encountered Harrison and his men and their political methods to try and win an election which was all made possible by corrupt men, bad men. This was a turning point in Willie’s career and life since he how believed, â€Å"Man is conceived in sin and born in corruption and he passeth from the stink of the didie to the stench of the shroud.† As he sees it, goodness is not an inherent human characteristic. People, basically, are prone to corruption and evil. Goodness has to be made. Because of the scheme Willie’s blindfold he had as an idealist was gone and he now knew that politics were not at all what he though it to be and that he had to change the way he was conducting his political campaign if he was to get anything done around here. Although Willie withdrew his name from the ballot for the Governor race, he still came out of that ordeal as a winner. Stark exposed the dirty tricks of Harrison and his men and in the process gained support from the public, therefore leading to his ultimate election for Governor the second time he ran for the position. By this time Willie, â€Å"learn how not to be good, and to use this knowledge and not use it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He exposed to the public the corrupt men of Harrison who coerced him to run for Governor only to be â€Å"used and abused in the process;† by blowing the whistle Willie became a bad man who turned against the people who helped him come into the political spot light. Instead of being seen with bad eyes, the public sympathized with him. With all the sympathy he gained Willie managed to win the race for Governor. Once Willie became Governor he became an opportunist because of the lack of support he received and because his power was growing. Willie essentially started off as a man who rose to power by offering to save the people from their distress, during his struggles, he became corrupted by power. Willie became corrupted because he realized that in order for him to help out the people he wanted to help out the most, he had to play a â€Å"little dirty†. He was forced to bribe the state legislators in order to get his bills passed; he even went as far as blackmailing some in order to achieve his goals. Willie Stark exemplifies Machiavelli’s discourse, â€Å"to learn †¦ not to be good †¦and not use it, according to the necessity of the case†. He was vicious and ruthless at times to his enemies and then he befriended those who opposed him within the state legislator. He learned when it was appropriate to be good to people and when it was necessary to be bad to people according to each situation because he could not afford to unbalance one with the other since both were essential for being a great governor. Willie Stark was an opportunist because of power. As Machiavelli’s theory stated one must use the knowledge of when to be good and when to be bad, â€Å"according to the necessity of the case,† and when the situation presented itself, Willie was ready to follow accordingly. When the plan to build a hospital presented itself, Willie wanted to keep the hospital clean, he did not want politics involved with the hospital especially , corrupt contractors. That is why Willie did not want to give Gummy Larson, a corrupt contactor to build his hospital. In this case Willie became a bad man who turned on a man that was much like him. Both had been involved in dirty politics, but now Willie chose to be a bad man in order to keep his hospital free from corruption and politics. While dealing with this situation, Willie also chose to be a good man by trying to persuade Adam Stanton, a romantic and idealist to be the Director of his hospital, but when Adam refused the offer, Willie indirectly used incriminating information about his father, a former governor who was involved in a bribe and cover up, in order to convince him to accept the position. Ironically, Adam Stanton, the man Willie wanted to Direct his hospital ended up assassinating him. In return Willie’s men ended up killing Adam. Both were destined to kill each other since they were complete opposites, one was a man of ideas and the other was a man of fact. In the end, by the author of All the King’s Men adhering Willie’s life to Machiavelli theory of how a ruler should govern and obey by; Willie life was destined to become righteous and end up dying because of it. Willie wanted to help out the poor by building a school house, a hospital for the poor, and reworking the state’s tax structure in favor of the poor. But by the means he achieved these goals were wrong and bad which ultimately lead to his death. Even a man who wants to do good things, but uses bad methods ends up paying a harsh price for being bad while trying to do some good. In conclusion, Willie Stark was a character of good intentions who becomes tainted by the system. He was a human being who had dreams, a family he loved, and passions he yields to, among them a desire for power. The author, Warren shows Willie as a man torn between his visions of an ideal society and stark reality- what it takes in the real world to fulfill one’s dreams. Willie sacrifices his ideals for action. He is a man of stark fact, and he wants results. In the end, Willie reevaluates his life’s goals. But it is too late for change. Willie is not given a second chance. For Willie’s political activity is much like Machiavelli political activity which is like a game of chess with its rules, its proven gambits, and its successful strategies. The master player knows how to exploit the weaknesses and blunders of his opponents to maximum advantage. The goal is finding the best move, the move that wins. The qualities needed to win may be judged as vices by others, but, as Machiavelli puts it in The Prince, they are â€Å"the vices by which you are able to rule.† The crimes committed in order to preserve one’s country are â€Å"glorious crimes.† Willie essential would have believed, â€Å"a multitude is more easily governed by humanity and gentleness than by haughtiness and cruelty,† the point is that a wise ruler does whatever is necessary.

Media Bias

On September 11, 2001, the citizens of the United States witnessed a horrific attack on two symbolic buildings in New York City. These tragic events have galvanized the creation and implementation of a myriad of prejudicial and unconstitutional policies designed to provide the illusion of national security while simultaneous creating more instability and animosity between the West and the Middle East. In the wake of 9/11, a multitude of Americans have been overtaken by hysteria and fear. These emotional responses have been generated and intensified by the virtually unanimous Islamophobic propaganda that has been perpetuated by the main stream media. As a result of the media’s anti-Islam campaign, Americans have been persuaded to distrust Muslims, instinctively categorize Muslims as terrorist or potential terrorist, as well as sacrifice essential civil liberties. Scapegoating theorist may argue that this portrayal of Arabs and Muslims is one of the ways the U. S. overnment is attempting to blame this group of individuals for the economic and societal woes that plague 21st-century-America. In addition, many would argue that decades of excessive Western consumption, along with globalization have contributed to a complicated, unjust, and turbulent geopolitical and economic climate, which has created a Western need for Middle Eastern dominance. Regardless of their true motives, we can clearly witness the media’s hostile categorization of Arabs and Muslims as predominately terroristic or potentially terroristic. The New York Post published a cartoon depicting two Muslims, who are complaining to the Associated Press about the NYPD conducting surveillance of their apartment while they are simultaneously constructing IED’s. The suspects are also surrounded by other weapons, as well as ammunition, and contraband. This cartoon exemplifies prejudice, discrimination, and racial profiling, which contribute to a national hostility toward Arabs and animosity between ethnicities and social classes. The ensuing tensions that foment as a result of the media’s propaganda campaign provoke more instability and violence into American society. Further complicating American culture is the increasing number of Arabs and Muslims who are immigrating to the New World. For years, the United States has accepted refugees from various tumultuous Middle Eastern territories, which are suffering from perpetual cultural and political chaos. Unfortunately, while many are granted refugee status, they are also facing political and religious persecution in America. The influx of Arabs into the United States and the terror hysteria created by the main stream media has spawned a new era of nativist xenophobia. Richard T. Schaefer reports the frequent stereotypical portrayal of Arabs and Muslims in the media in Racial and Ethnic Groups Census Update. The author states that, â€Å"rarely are Arab and Muslim Americans shown doing â€Å"normal† behavior such as shopping, attending a sporting event, or just eating without a subtext of terrorism lurking literally in the shadows† (Schaefer, 296). This pervasive and persistent misrepresentation of Arabs and Muslims has intensified and propagated the animosity most Americans have toward this group. In addition to presenting Muslims in a derogatory manner, the cartoon also attempts to justify the necessity of sacrificing civil liberties for supposed security. This cartoon asserts that the NYPD is conducting surveillance because it is instrumental for securing the U. S. and preserving Western civilization as we know it. In this cartoon, the NYPD may be viewed as an exemplary entity employed in the â€Å"War on Terror† and New York City may represent all major cities in the United States, or the United States as a whole. This cartoon demonstrates the media’s attempt to guide public opinion toward accepting the increasingly aggressive behavior of the police and the state department by exaggerating instances of terror plots on American soil, as well as fabricating instances of governmental counter-terror success. A large faction of the media attempts to portray the majority of Arabs as terrorist, and would argue that cities are vulnerable targets of these diabolical individuals. As a result of this propaganda, Americans are lulled into slowly forfeiting their inalienable rights while obtaining a deceiving feeling of safety. The media is a powerful force contributing to the ebbs and flows of social norms and cultural opinion. The aforementioned cartoon provides an example of the media’s efforts to persuade the public and control the masses.