Utopian Dreams Essays -- Utopia Perfect World Essays

Throughout the ages, man has come to idealize a word that is most commonly related to ‘heavenly’ or ‘perfect’ without actually picking up the book and realizing for themselves that there is no such thing. A Utopian society could never exist because man is made to want, to desire success. Man is competitive by nature and would never be happy in a society where everyone is equal and there is no chance of advancement. Sir Thomas More dreamt of a land that was much like England but could never surpass time. He opened the eyes of a nation and made its people desire something new. Views were significantly changed and the world would never be the same. Sir Thomas More inspired dramatic changes in religion, community life and even paved the way for communism. And he did all of this through one simple book about one simple society. In a perfect utopian society, there is no official religion. The people are allowed freedom of belief. â€Å"Some worship for god the sun, some the moon, some some other of the planets† (117). The only thing that they all believe in is that there is one supreme ruler that creates miracles and brings them such joy. This is all quite contrary to the beliefs held in 1516 England. Their opinions resemble those of Christianity: their priestly caste, their high standard of morality, their prayers, and their hymns. However, in England the Roman Catholic Church allowed no freedom of beliefs. In fact, the church was firm in its insistence upon the principle of one church and one authoritative doctrine. More even went so far as to poke fun at the idea of the priests of Utopia being men of eminent piety. This remark, under normal circumstances, should be taken as a matter of course. However, in Europe at the time there were many outcries against the laxity and corruption among the clergy. Therefore, many saw this as an indirect thrust at the Christian priesthood. The fact that Utopian priests could marry represents a significant difference from the Catholic vow of celibacy. This was shocking to the citizens and especially clergy of England and Europe. The idea of a married priest was not something that they were quite ready for but were willing to think about. Another surprising contrast to Christian rule was that in Utopia, women were appointed to the priesthood occasionally. Although there were many contrasts, there was o... ...topian society everyone works the same amount of time, at the same job and for no money. In a Utopian society, everyone shares everything and no one gets ahead. In a Utopian society, very few are able to explore their talents and dreams, they are required to work if visiting another city for too long and do not even know what vacations are. In a Utopian society a true American would commit suicide after realizing that they could no longer be individuals. In a Utopian society ... there is no such thing. Utopia is England with no specific jobs. It is England with more structure and a little bit more freedom. Utopia is England if Sir Thomas More was ruling England. Utopia is not an idealistic place to live. It is a trap for those who can not get ahead in the real world and for those who just want to belong. Utopia changed the eyes of a nation and opened the minds of millions. It gave light into what perhaps the world should be like without forcing it upon anyone. It has crept into most governments and lands and has remained there ever since. It is Utopia and its presence is immense. Utopia may not be the perfect society but some of its traits could help to create one.

Japanese Music Essay

The Japanese culture was widely affected and highly related to its nearby nations like China and Korea. As such, it is a logical for us to look at the Japanese music as a collaboration of the different music from the other Asian nations. The flourishing of the Japanese music can be seen as they have adapted their personal styles to the influences that surround them. Their music has its origin in poetry and songs, although there have been misleading artifacts about the distinction of the two. The confusion started with the acknowledgement that indeed, the Japanese word â€Å"uta† can both be understood as to mean poetry or songs. The evidence and remains of the ancients’ music of Japan can be reflected on the songs in Kojiki that was recorded as traditional songs in the imperial court. The ancient Japanese music was also preserve in legends, rituals and prose specifically in an ancient story of Genji Monogatari. This story was composed of poetic dialogues about a lover in the imperial court. The presentation of this in a play was interpreted through Gagaku dances, accompanied mostly by flutes and the famous string instrument, â€Å"koto†. The Gagaku dances and music have been very famous in courts. Its music is composed of wind and string instruments that go together with drums and gongs. It also go along with sho,(a harmonica like instrument) and â€Å"nasal hichiriki† which is the reason why it posses a different sound. The Gagaku is further divided in to two categories, the To-gaku and the Rimpa-gaku. These two differs from the culture in which it belongs. In such manner those that came mainly under the influence of China was called To-gaku while those that came from Vietnam were rendered as Rimpa-gaku. Due to the advent of imported music that was a by-product of the trade industry. It is but inevitable for the native people to become awe with the new kind of music that they have been listening and so, they tend to imitate their ways of thinking. Japanese Music in the Face of Modern Influences The reproduction of this music produces an inclination to the instrumental music. However even though there had been an emerging culture of Americanization, still there are many Japanese mode of music that remained the same. Kagura, for instance, or what was commonly known to be â€Å"Mi-Kagura† which was preserved by some of the people in the imperial court. Fuzoku in relation to the folk songs that was numerous in the provinces. Also with Azuma-Asobi, this is also a type of folk song that was predominant on the eastern part of the country. Saibara was also believed to be composed of traces of folk songs as well. Since all of these music where sung in courts, it is incorporated with Gagaku music. A Brief Introduction on Jo-Ha-Kyu tradition According to the Japanese culture, the â€Å"Jo-Ha-kyo† music can be traced to have influences of the Gagaku traditions. The term was generally referred to the way the music and the dances were done in the play, â€Å"Jo† was associated with being slow and more peaceful, it is the primary or the introductory part. â€Å"Ha† was the start of the conflict , it is not slow but more of a moderate version, it is associated with the journey. While lastly, â€Å"Kyu† was regarded as the final or the ultimate. Thus, the form â€Å"Jo-Ha-Kyu is actually a way of presenting ideas and capturing the minds of the readers. Buddhist Chants and Other Influences Another trend of music came to Japan on the time of Nara and Heian periods. This was comprised of Buddhist Chants, which is performed by narrating a certain sutra with the addition of rhythmical melodies. Accordingly, there are three known styles that were used in accordance to the language used by the countries who have participated or who are the founding authors of the Chants. The style which uses the â€Å"Sankrit† language was called â€Å"Bonsan†. Chinese speakers were called â€Å"Kansan† while plain Japanese were called â€Å"Wasan†. During the late Heian period, there had been another popular music trend which is now called as â€Å"Imayo† There is also the development of Heike Biwa or Heikyuko which is according to some, is the narrative music played by the blind priest-thus they were now called as Blind Prince. Another form of dance and music was the Noh, which is a classical Japanese drama that was either a Dengaku Noh or Sarugaku Noh. Dengaku Noh are those which portrays rituals and traditions that is done in the rice-fields. Sarugaku, on the other hand was more focus on acrobatic performances.

Critical Book Review Forgotten Fire by Adam Bagdasarian

In his book Forgotten Fire, author Adam Bagdasarian investigates the Armenian Genocide through the eyes of a twelve year old Armenian boy named Vahan Kenderian. Through Vahan, the reader experiences the atrocities committed during the 1915 genocide of Armenians in Turkey. The Turks, who were Muslim, viewed the Christian Armenians as inferiors and treated them as such; under Turkish law, Armenians had nearly no rights, no fair justice in Turkish courts, could not bear arms, and were taxed far higher than Turks, which led to many families losing their possessions and homes. But unlike many other Armenian families of the time, Vahans family, consisting of two girls, four boys (including Vahan), Vahans Uncle Mumpreh, grandmother Toumia, and†¦show more content†¦Gregorys Orphanage. During this time, Vahan went back to school. In the epilogue of the book, Vahan is reunited with his sister Oskina, and learns that the remaining members of his family, his mother and uncle, died not l ong after Vahan had escaped. In this book, the author identifies several themes including loneliness, loss of faith, and identity. The theme of loneliness can be seen throughout the book, when Vahan gets close to a particular person, theyre viciously ripped away, usually in death. An example of this can be seen in the scene in which Vahan is staying in the stable of Selim Beys father and a young girl is sent to stay with him. Because he had been alone for so long, Vahan is extremely excited that he has someone to confide in. But the young girl is not willing to trust Vahan as easily as he trusts her, and with good reason. Vahan soon discovers why the girl is really there when several gendarmes come to the stable during the night and rape the young girl, and Vahan is powerless to stop them. At one point, Vahan remarks, The problem with loneliness is that, unlike other forms of human suffering, it teaches us nothing, leads us nowhere, and generally devalues us in our own eyes and in the eyes of othersÂ….It sim ply comes, sits

Predictive Analytics And The Health Care Industry

Before proceeding to review a range of predictive analytic algorithms, it is important to know how critical predictive analytics is to the health care industry. The growth rate of US healthcare expenditures, increasing annually by nearly 5% in real terms over the last decade and a major contributor to the high national debt levels projected over the next two decades. McKinsey estimates that Big Data can enable more than $300 billion savings per year in US healthcare, with two-thirds of that through reductions of around 8% to national healthcare expenditures. Imagine if there were health care analytics in the middle ages. The black plague could have been avoided saving millions of lives of people as it would have been easy to single out the†¦show more content†¦It could consist of patient-related data, data from healthcare devices like monitors and sensors, hospital records, application data measuring health metrics and everything including social media posts, webpages, emerg ency correspondence, research data from genomics to innovative drugs, advertisement data, newsfeeds and articles in medical journals. As much as there is scope for finding out patterns among these data, it is not easy to implement predictive analytics in healthcare industry because of the limitations like hand-written prescriptions, scanned images and medical records which comprise of unstructured and disintegrated data. Moreover, medical data is involved with legal and privacy issues. The adoption rate of analytics in healthcare industry is quite slow making it more challenging. The Why of applying predictive analytics in healthcare: If predictive analytics is applied extensively to the rapidly growing healthcare industry, limitless advantages can be realized. Some of the advantages are: 1) Improved real-time decisions about treatment and support, consumer commitment 2) Effortless revenue management with focus on global as well as local markets 3) Standardized clinical processes, guidelines and protocols greatly improving operational efficiency 4) Reduction in fraud claims, security threats greatly helping insurance companies 5) Mining for unknown variables that determine quality such as â€Å"hidden† re-admission factors or finding out

Institute of Contemporary Art - 1411 Words

Institute of Contemporary Art â€Å"How do you make a building for contemporary art that stays contemporary in the future without stooping to a neutral language? And how do you attract a big public without compromising the selfish, private, exclusive time we all want to have in a museum?† These questions, put forward by Elizabeth Diller of Diller Scofidio + Renfro, represent the urbanistic motivation supporting the construction of Boston’s Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA). In such a manner Boston’s ICA engages, not only with the urban citizen, but also the urban landscape in which the site is located. The ICA conveys the idea of architecture as art in itself. As a presenter of art to the urban citizen and because of its open design, the inside allows the citizens to not only appreciate the art within the building but also see the art of the building’s natural environment and setting. Boston’s ICA situated at Fan Pier in South Boston represents a shift from preconceived architectural constructs to more innovative forms. The building’s position in the middle of a currently undeveloped urban landscape gives it a striking entity that engages the viewer in a way that facilitates its various functions as a contemporary art museum. Furthermore its structure and location alter the population’s understanding of museum architecture as it has traditionally been defined, that it is a â€Å"shell† that contains significant artistic work. A visual paradox becomes evident betweenShow MoreRelatedThe Akron Art Museum912 Words   |  4 PagesAkron Art Museum The Akron Art Museum is an institute that combined a historic building heavily adorned with Italian Renaissance revival and classicism with a modern and radical steel and glass structure. The once 1899 Akron post office section of the museum houses the local and global pieces of Impressionistic art from the 1850s. The original building is wrapped with a deep red brick and limestone with triangular pediments and pilasters. In 2007, Coop Himmelb(l)au’s architect WolfRead MoreThe Art Institute Of Chicago1741 Words   |  7 PagesNext time you are walking through the Art Institute of Chicago I would highly recommend a visit to the Gift of Edlis|Neeson Collection, located on the second floor, gallery 292A. Here you will find a tantalizing array of modern day contemporary art that delivers a sensory overload wherever you turn. Nestled in between the copiousness of talent you will find three offerings from a prominent living contemporary artist called Jasper Johns t itled Alphabet (1959), Figure 4 (1959), and Target (1961).Read MoreKerry Marshall and Faith Ringgold: Contemporary Artists Essay970 Words   |  4 Pages â€Æ' Art is a skill used by humans which allows them to express ideas through writing, drawing, picture, sculpture, or other form. 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Hip Hop morals free essay sample

In the Music Industry Introduction: -Ice Breaker: Name and what Is your favorite music artist? (preferably hip hop artist) When you hear the term hip hop, what comes to mind? What Is hip-hop? A culture and form of ground breaking music and self expression with elements that consisted of the elements of graffiti art, Digging, Mincing, and breaking. It began In the asses as an underground movement in the South Bronx area of New York City. Hip hop is used as an outlet for the youth to express their beliefs and ideas.There are many different sub-genres of hip hop that are often formed as a response to efferent perceived political and/or social injustices. Many rappers focus on topics such as drugs, sex, alcohol, and objectifying women. While the lyrics in these songs may be fun to sing along with, they do not always provide positive messages for the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Hip Hop morals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some artists have taken a stand against this and have decided to rap about Important and relevant Issues such as racism, homophobia, consumerism,etc Nas, Moms Deaf. And Mackerel are three examples of this. 1) Moms Deaf Moms Deaf. Hose real name Is Dante Therell Smith, has been ranked as one of the top 50 Masc. of our time. He has spent a lot of his time being active in different social and political causes. One of his main causes is speaking out against racism. His years also place emphasis on how every human being is capable and valuable, and how it is so important for everyone to be able to realize that. In his song Fear Not of Man, he expresses this: If hip hop Is about the people, and the hip hop wont get better until the people get better, than how do the people get better?Well, from my understanding, people get better when they start to understand they are valuable. And they not valuable because they got a whole lot of money or cause somebody, think they sexy. But they valuable because they been created by God, and God makes you valuable. a) What is Moms Deaf trying to teach us in this verse? B) Do you agree with Moms Deaf? C) What do you think makes one valuable? Nas is a well known artist who is recognized as one of the top hip hop artists. Nas educated himself on African culture through other hip hop artists and used their wisdom as inspiration and motivation for his work.He is a spokesperson and mentor for Pitons Records, which is an after school program that helps create constructive opportunities in the urban youth through no-cost music programs. He really wants his audience to understand his music so he was the first artist to create his own rap genius account to explain his music. He tries to take a stand against racial issues and emphasizes the fact that sitting around will get one nowhere; people must be proactive in order to create change. Walking talking dead though we think were living, we Just copycat following the system. We trapped in our own brain, stuck behind bars. Weve already gone insane. Weve already gave up, cut our own heads off. Why listen to somebody else tell you how to do it When you can do it yourself; its all in you, do it, do it Song: Black Zombie a) Why is it important to follow the message of Nas in this song? B) Has there ever been a time where you have felt like you should be changing something, but instead you Just sit around instead? ) Mackerel While Mackerel is a new addition to the music scene, the depth and meaning behind the lyrics to his new songs are undeniable. He is a huge social Justice advocate, and openly speaks about his battles with drugs and alcohol. Two of his main focuses are on homophobia in mainstream hip hop, society, and mass media and the consumerism mentality of America. He also wants listeners to learn the lesson that it takes hard work and patience to achieve goals and not to give up.Homophobia: A word rooted in hate, yet our genre still ignores it / Gay is synonymous with the lesser / Its the same hate thats caused wars from religion / Gender to skin color, complexion of your pigment / The same fight that lead people to walk-outs and sit-ins / Human rights for everybody, there is no difference Song: Same love Consumerism: We want what we cant have, commodity makes us want it / So expensive, I Just got to flaunt it / A hundred dollars for a pair of shoes I would never hoop in Song: Wings Motivation: The greats werent great because at birth they could paint, the greats were great because they paint a lot Song: Ten Thousand Hours a) What message is Mackerel trying to get across through these different lyrics? B) Do you think that all of these lessons that he is trying to teach us are real issues in the American society? C) How can we take Mackerels lessons and try to apply them to our own lives?

Speech Health Care Essay Research Paper Topic free essay sample

Speech ( Health Care ) Essay, Research Paper Subject: Health Care Insurance General Purpose: To carry Specific Purpose: To carry my audience to believe the United States should hold a wellness attention insurance plan, which eliminates private wellness insurance. Thesis: The United States needs a national wellness attention insurance plan because the development of private wellness attention insurance and the deficiency of a national program throughout history have lead to a lack in proper wellness attention for many Americans. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech Health Care Essay Research Paper Topic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Introduction: In the United States costs for wellness attention are being shifted to persons alternatively of the authorities. As professor Allen Jedlicka of UNI provinces, # 8220 ; The United States is one of the lone first universe states that does non hold a national wellness attention plan. # 8221 ; The United States needs a national wellness attention insurance plan because the development of private wellness attention insurance has lead to a lack in proper wellness attention for many Americans. I would wish to first state you why the deficiency of a national plan is a job, why it became a job, and so a simple solution for you to make your portion in non doing it a job in the hereafter. I. The first point in my address is to inform you why doing 82 % of the United States population get their wellness attention from private wellness insurance is a job ( Raffel 280 ) . There are three chief grounds this causes a job. a. The first ground this causes a job is the cost of private wellness attention insurance. I. As Marshall Raffel states # 8220 ; The costs to the 18 % of the 41 million Americans who do non hold wellness attention are hideous # 8221 ; ( 270 ) . 1. The cost for exigency room aid can be anyplace from $ 170 for non-urgent attention to 1000s of dollars for patients who are in serious status ( Thompson ) . a. These costs may really turn people off from acquiring medical attending. 2. If they want to acquire their ain insurance program, there are a figure of companies they can turn to but this is besides really expensive. 3. Ocular Aid: a. Here is one of the quotation marks for an insurance program. b. I picked a individual that is 26 old ages old because it gives us an thought of where we will be shortly after college. I. The individual is married with one kid. two. I took the highest quoted figure for premium payments and got this for their coverage. 1. As you can see they wear # 8217 ; t cover everything, and even with your premium, you do still hold to do up to a certain sum for single points. two. For people with occupations that have a great wellness insurance program, the costs are evidently lower, nevertheless, the Health Care Financing Administration has reported that the figure of people without wellness insurance has been increasing by 1 million a twelvemonth and now there are 41 million Americans without wellness insurance ( # 8221 ; HMO Advocacy? Costs Down # 8221 ; ) . 1. Now, if you are believing, good why should we hold a public wellness attention plan- my occupation will likely pay for all of my wellness insurance that is really non true. a. Today neither employers nor the authorities are able to presume the fiscal load of the surging costs. B. 54 % of full-time, year-around workers are uninsured c. 15.8 % of portion clip, year-around employment are uninsured d. Merely 14.5 % of the unemployed are uninsured because of plans such as Medicaid that are supplied for low income households ( Laham 93 ) . 2. Even though these people have insurance which by and large covers 80 to 100 % of doctor charges, the patient still must pay a deductible which could be anyplace from $ 100 up by $ 5000 and still must pay some of the charges associated with their medicine. B. The 2nd ground it is a job to hold private wellness attention alternatively of national wellness attention is because the Numberss of people without medical attending are besides hideous. I. The national Center for Health Statistics indicates that the figure of incapacitated kids who do non have proper wellness attention scope from 15 % to 20 % ( # 8221 ; America # 8217 ; s Children # 8221 ; ) two. The national Center for Health Statistics besides indicates that the figure of grownups from 18-64 who do non have proper wellness attention scope from 18 % to 20 % ( # 8221 ; Working-age Adults # 8221 ; ) c. The 3rd ground it is a job is that the figure of retired people need more medical attending than the other two groups and they receive even less than they need. 1. Government wellness insurance plans, chiefly Medicare paid for 55 % of nursing place attention while occupants paid out-of pocket for approximately 45 % . 2. Most nursing place occupants deplete their ain money within the first twelvemonth and have to turn to Medicaid which merely pays about 5 % of nursing place attention, go forthing our seniors without proper attention ( Raffel 275 ) . II. The 2nd point in my address is to demo you the ground the United States has private Health Insurance plans and non a National wellness insurance plan because of events, which have occurred in the last 100 old ages. a. The first ground for no national program is based on the history of wellness attention in the United States. I. In the early 1900 # 8217 ; s, the chief ground a national wellness insurance program was non adopted because the American medical Association did non desire one. 1. They did non desire one because they would do more money off private insurance because they were able to take the monetary value they charged with no authorities intercession. a. If you have doubts see this fact: i. Australia # 8217 ; s doctors made $ 36,943 in 1989. two. Canada # 8217 ; s doctors made about $ 76,541 5n 1989. three. But American doctors # 8217 ; mean net income in 1989 was $ 132,300, which we all know by now has wholly gone up by now ( Laham 13-16 ) . 2. Since the AMA had so much money, and so many political ballots, they came up with programs, and addresss which convinced the public that private insurance was the manner to travel, even if the information was non ever the full truth ( Laham 26 ) two. In the 1970 # 8217 ; s national wellness insurance was brought up as a immense political issue one time aga in and was turned down one time once more. 1. It was brought up once more because the cost of wellness attention was turning every twelvemonth. a. The manner the issue was brought approximately was by the Hospital Cost Containment Act, which was a measure that infirmaries would lose a batch of money on. I. The measure was to merely let people to travel to the infirmary on the recommendation of their physician. two. The measure was non passed because the republican and democratic parties couldn # 8217 ; t come to an understanding on what a national plan should really affect. three. So merely 87 % of the populace was insured. 1. This may sound like a big sum of people but 13 % of the population was unable to acquire any wellness attention, and non all of the 87 % get full coverage ( Laham 38-86 ) . three. Today, the US is confronting a terrible and quickly declining wellness attention crisis. To take attention of this, there are two separate positions to assist work out the crisis. 1. Clinton and the Republicans want a program, which will vouch everyone to hold wellness attention, and no insurance companies can know apart against people because of wellness position. a. He besides is seeking to do group wellness insurance affordable for little concern. 2. Unlike Clinton, the Democrats want to do a national wellness attention plan. a. Making this will lose them a batch of political ballots through organisations such as the AMA and other organisations in the wellness attention industry but if the populace will vote for their thoughts, we could hold a national wellness insurance measure which promises everyone wellness attention in the United States ( Laham163 ) . B. The 2nd ground for no National wellness insurance program was the development of private wellness insurance. I. Private wellness insurance was developed in the 1940s. two. The AMA introduced it and Blue Shield was the first supplier ( Laham 33 ) . 1. The ground the AMA loved it was because private wellness insurance would let for no authorities intercession in which the authorities could implement barriers on the wages of wellness attention suppliers ( Laham 33 ) . three. Private wellness insurance was developed because person could do a net income off of it. 1. Private wellness attention ever makes a net income ; the companies make certain that they can non manage cost-losing causes ( Raffel 298 ) a. Does this truly sound like a good program for a state? III. The last point in my address is that in order to guarantee everyone in the United States proper wellness attention, a National Health attention program will necessitate to be developed. a. Almost every first universe state has a national wellness attention program, and if they are able to implement it, why couldn # 8217 ; t we? I. The reply is that we can! B. If we implement a national plan we will cut authorities costs every bit good as the populaces costs I. From Facts on File of 1998 it was shown that the United States spent 224.7 billion dollars on uninsured people and for the aged. 1. If a national wellness insurance plan is implemented, wellness costs will be cut because the authorities will hold some say in the monetary values of infirmaries, physicians, and other medical utilizations. c. Not merely will costs be cut but besides the figure of people that can have wellness attention would increase. I. If a National plan is implemented, every citizen will be entitled to wellness attention. 1. So 20 % more of the states kids will hold proper attention every bit good as 25 % more of the states grownups. d. It would be hard to implement a plan for the United States but it would be a batch easier to acquire the action started if the populace were to vote for a national program. I. Now that you know more about Health attention it # 8217 ; s reasonably simple for you to make your portion. 1. When you vote, you can vote for politicians with thoughts for wellness attention plans you agree with. 2. If you are of all time polled about how you feel about National wellness attention, think about how much simpler, and even how many kids and grownups you could assist out by merely doing a cheque grade in the right column of a study. In Conclusion it is obvious we need a National Health attention program. Right now, the Health Care Financing Administration has reported that on the norm, each American spends $ 3904 on wellness insurance. By the twelvemonth 2007, this sum will approximately duplicate to $ 7100 because of the deficiency of regulations regulating the monetary value of wellness attention. ( # 8221 ; HMO Advocacy? Costs Down. # 8221 ; ) . Because of a quickly spread outing uninsured population and the surging wellness attention costs, it is obvious we decidedly have a job with Health attention in the United States. The United States needs a wellness attention plan to increase the wellness of many of the states # 8217 ; people. So, in order to forestall the skyrocketing of wellness attention, and to assist forestall the illness of many Americans, you can make your portion to seek and acquire a national wellness attention plan implemented. Does anyone hold any inquiries? # 8220 ; America # 8217 ; s Children. # 8221 ; National Center for Health Statistics. 1999. # 8220 ; Digest with cumulative Index. # 8221 ; Facts On File Weekly News. 1998. # 8220 ; HMO Advocacy Groups Say Managed Care Holds Costs Down. # 8221 ; Medical Industry Today 17 Sept. 1998: Payer and Provider News. Jedlicka, Allen D. UNI. Cedar Falls. 8 March. 2000. Laham, Nicholas. Why the United States Lacks a National Health Insurance Program. Library of Congress: Praeger Publishers. 1993. Quotesmith.com, Inc. 2000. Online. Internet. 26 March. 2000. Available hypertext transfer protocol: //www.quotesmith.com/cgi/imd3/ . Raffel, Marshall W. Health Care and Reform in Industrialized Countries. Pennsylvania State University: Pennsylvania State University Press. 1997. Thompson, Karen MacDonald and Glick, Doris F. # 8220 ; Cost Analysis of Emergency Room Use by Low-Income Patients. # 8221 ; Nursing Economicss May. 17 ( 1999 ) : 142. # 8220 ; Working-age Adults. # 8221 ; National Center for Health Statistics. 1999. Beginnings Used: 1 Journal 1 Newsletter 2 Books ( 2 quotation marks ) 2 Surveys ( 2 quotation marks ) 1 Web Page 1 Facts on file ( 1 quotation mark ) 1 Professor ( 1 quotation mark )